{"id":48747,"date":"2019-11-03T07:09:03","date_gmt":"2019-11-03T12:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/?p=48747"},"modified":"2020-06-12T08:47:23","modified_gmt":"2020-06-12T12:47:23","slug":"what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county\/","title":{"rendered":"What Harriet Tubman found when she visited York County"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"speakable-p-1 p-text\">Underground Railroad operator Harriet Tubman, topic of the major film \u201cHarriet,\u201d was known to York countians.<\/p>\n<p class=\"speakable-p-2 p-text\">Indeed, she visited northern York County at least twice, according to historian Scott Mingus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">She found some like-minded county residents who were against slavery and fellow operators on the Underground Railroad, particularly among Quakers north of the Conewago Creek.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">But the abolitionist view was not the majority report in the county.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">Far from it.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\"><span class=\"exclude-from-newsgate\"><strong>More:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ydr.com\/in-depth\/news\/2019\/10\/29\/harriett-tubman-underground-railroad-path-slavery-escape-pa\/3863408002\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-track-label=\"inline|intext|n\/a\">How Pa. became a safe haven for Harriet Tubman after she escaped slavery in Maryland<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">Peace Democrats, a.k.a. Copperheads, represented the most votes and lipped the mantra, \u201cThe Union as it was, the Constitution as it is, and the Negroes where they are.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">That meant the county opposed Abraham Lincoln, and the majority of the county vote went against him in his successful U.S. presidential bids in 1860 and, even more deeply, in 1864.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">To York countians, Lincoln meant war, and if the slaves were freed, that would spell economic hardship in a county that sat on the Mason-Dixon Line.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe people, so long blindfolded, will see the guilty demagogues who have used the negro for the destruction of white men,\u201d the Copperhead York Democratic Press thundered before the war\u2019s outbreak in 1861. \u201cThey will mark those who have sung of negro freedom only to destroy the white man\u2019s liberty to earn bread for his starving family, and when they see all the terrible consequences of negro freedom and equality, the result will shake northern society to its very foundations.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">This was the political environment that Tubman found in her visits.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_48752\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48752\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48752\" src=\"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"487\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman-300x143.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman-768x365.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-48752\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Library of Congress map, displayed in a Tubman visitor center brochure, shows the distribution of enslaved population of the Southern states of the United States in 1860. The darker shading means a higher percentage of enslaved population. Notice the more heavily shaded plume points straight to Pennsylvania, which means many enslaved people were within walking distance via Underground Railroad stops to a free state. Of course, when they reached Pennsylvania, the Underground Railroad journey continued for many. The freedom seekers were not safe until they reached Canada. York County was acquainted with slavery, even though slaveholding was abolished in Pennsylvania. The enslaved population in counties touching York would have counted in the thousands. The percentage of the enslaved population in those counties: Carroll County, 3.4 percent; Baltimore, 6.4 percent and Harford, 9.1 percent.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"p-text\">\u2018Slavery is the next thing to hell\u2019<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p-text\">Slavery within York County\u2019s borders in the Civil War era was long past, as a result of the Abolition Act of 1780 that allowed gradual emancipation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">But residents, with their Peace Democrat leanings, harbored a view of the enslaved people that was at odds with Tubman\u2019s own experience.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">Industrialist A.B. Farquhar assessed York County as \u201cdistinctively Northern,\u201d but not \u201cbitterly anti-Southern.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">He contended in his autobiography written late in life that the county\u2019s view in the Civil War-era held that slavery was wrong in principle.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">\u201cAt the same time, being acquainted with many slave owners, we also knew that slavery was better in practice than in theory and that the planter who was cruel to his Negroes was a rare exception,\u201d he wrote. \u201cNo matter what his personal disposition might be, slaves were so very expensive that it would be ridiculous to maltreat them as to maltreat a stable of blooded horses.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">Tubman had a far different view \u2013 an authentic and correct view as history shows \u2013 drawn from personal experience about enslaved life on Maryland\u2019s Eastern Shore.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">\u201cSlavery is the next thing to hell. If a person would send another into bondage, he would \u2026 send him to hell, if he could,\u201d Tubman said in 1855.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">As a girl, her masters were not tolerant and often cruel, according to the Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Visitor Center near Cambridge, Md. One master beat Tubman so hard with a knotted rope that he broke her ribs.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">White women and children would join in the beatings, and no one feared punishment for mistreating enslaved people.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">\u201cThe physical scars left by slavery on Harriet Tubman could be seen until she died, 85 years later,\u201d an exhibit at the visitor center states.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">There\u2019s no indication that Farquhar met Tubman in her visits to the county. If he had, those scars might have changed his view about the cruelty of slave owners.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">Not that anyone would doubt today what Tubman experienced, but the flight of freedom seekers from the South provides evidence that cruel owners in the chattel slavery system were not rare, as Farquhar asserted. Those who were freed often came north. Further, a big fear of owners was a revolt of enslaved people. Why would anyone revolt if, as Farquhar believes, slavery was better in practice than in theory?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">To further show Tubman\u2019s view of things, we\u2019ll end with some quotes from Tubman herself \u2013 and the views of others about this brave Underground Railroad operator, as found at the Tubman visitor center.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_48753\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48753\" style=\"width: 4032px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48753\" src=\"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman1.jpg 4032w, https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman1-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-48753\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map displayed at the Tubman visitor center confirms what other historians have observed. Trails from the main path of the Underground Railroad passed through York and Adams counties. Freedom seekers then moved east or north. Notice the arrow moving north of the Mason-Dixon Line into Pennsylvania. It passes through the York\/Adams region. (Jim McClure, photo)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"p-text\">What Harriet Tubman says<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p-text\">\u00a0\u201cI prayed to God to make me strong and able to fight, and that\u2019s what I\u2019ve prayed for ever since.\u201d \u2013 Tubman, 1865<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">\u00a0\u201cWhen I found I had crossed that line, I looked at my hands to see if I was the same person. There was such a glory over everything; the sun came like gold through the trees, and over the fields, and I felt like I was in heaven.\u201d \u2013 Tubman, 1868.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">\u201cI was the conductor of the Underground Railroad for eight years, and I can say what most conductors can\u2019t say, I never ran my train off the track and I never lost a passenger.\u201d \u2013 Tubman, 1896.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">\u201cI used to sleep on the floor \u2026 and cry and cry \u2026 If I could only get home and get in my mother\u2019s bed.\u201d \u2013 Tubman, c. 1905<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p-text\">What others say about Harriet Tubman<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p-text\">\u201cWhere I came from it would make your flesh creep and your hair stand on end to know what they do to the slaves.\u201d \u2013 Ben Ross (James Stewart), Tubman\u2019s brother, 1855.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">\u201cThe midnight sky and silent stars have been the witnesses of your devotion to freedom and your heroism.\u201d \u2013 Frederick Douglas, letter to Tubman, 1863.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">\u201cI know of no one who has willingly more perils and hardships to serve our enslaved people.\u201d \u2013 Frederick Douglass in a letter about Tubman to Sarah Bradford, 1868.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">\u201cHarriett was a woman of no pretensions, indeed, a more ordinary specimen of humanity could hardly be found \u2026 Yet in point of courage, shrewdness and disinterested exertions to rescue her fellow-men, by making personal visits to Maryland among the slaves, she was without her equal.\u2019 \u2013 Underground Railroad conductor William Still, 1871.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">\u201cHer doors were kept open to the most friendless and helpless \u2026 . All found not shelter alone, but welcome.\u201d \u2013 Emma Telford, Tubman\u2019s Auburn, N.Y., neighbor, 1905.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_48754\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48754\" style=\"width: 4032px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48754 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman3.jpg 4032w, https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman3-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman3-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman3-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-48754\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Another scene from the Tubman visitor center, constructed on grounds where the Underground Railroad operator lived early in life. \u201cThe unspoiled scenes in the area look much as they would have in Tubman\u2019s time,\u201d the center\u2019s website states. (Jim McClure, photo)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"p-text\">Upcoming events<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p-text\">The York Daily Record and York County History Center are co-sponsoring a forum on jobs and the economy as part of a\u00a0<strong>\u201cPerspectives on York\u2019s Racial Unrest\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0series. The forum, free and open to the public, will start at 7 p.m. Thursday, Nov. 21, at Logos Academy, 250 W. King St., York.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p-text\">The York Daily Record\u2019s 5th annual history night, York History Storytellers, will feature presentations about\u00a0<strong>\u201cPivotal Moments in York County History.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0The event is set for 7 p.m., Dec. 10, at the Appell Performing Arts Center\u2019s Capitol Theatre. For more information: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/events\/3009991462351641\/.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In York County, Harriet Tubman found some like-minded county residents who were against slavery and fellow operators on the Underground Railroad, particularly among Quakers north of the Conewago Creek. But the abolitionist view was not the majority report in the county.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":48750,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,19,33,26,7,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48747","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-b-farquhar","category-all-politics-is-local","category-black-history","category-civil-war","category-explanationscontroversy","category-war"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Harriet Tubman found when she visited York County - York Town Square<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Harriet Tubman found when she visited York County - York Town Square\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In York County, Harriet Tubman found some like-minded county residents who were against slavery and fellow operators on the Underground Railroad, particularly among Quakers north of the Conewago Creek. But the abolitionist view was not the majority report in the county.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"York Town Square\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-03T12:09:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-06-12T12:47:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman2-1024x768.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jim McClure\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@JamesMcClure\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jim McClure\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/yorkblog.com\\\/yorktownsquare\\\/what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/yorkblog.com\\\/yorktownsquare\\\/what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jim McClure\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/yorkblog.com\\\/yorktownsquare\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b48a19c4bb41c9ee494a3eb75485cdd0\"},\"headline\":\"What Harriet Tubman found when she visited York County\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-11-03T12:09:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-06-12T12:47:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/yorkblog.com\\\/yorktownsquare\\\/what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1355,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/yorkblog.com\\\/yorktownsquare\\\/what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/yorkblog.com\\\/yorktownsquare\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2019\\\/11\\\/tubman2.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"A.B. 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Farquhar","All politics is local","Black history","Civil War","Explanations\/controversy","War"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county\/","url":"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county\/","name":"What Harriet Tubman found when she visited York County - York Town Square","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman2.jpg","datePublished":"2019-11-03T12:09:03+00:00","dateModified":"2020-06-12T12:47:23+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/#\/schema\/person\/b48a19c4bb41c9ee494a3eb75485cdd0"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/what-harriet-tubman-found-when-she-visited-york-county\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman2.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/yorkblog.com\/yorktownsquare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/tubman2.jpg","width":4032,"height":3024,"caption":"One of the compelling exhibits from the Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Visitor Center, which opened in March 2017. The center stands in Church Creek, Maryland, about 20 minutes from downtown Cambridge, on Maryland\u2019s Eastern Shore. 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